书斋小说网

从艺术到社会改造2（第2页）

old，Rossetti，＆Morris；aStudy。ByStopfordA。Brooke。

（London；SirIsaaePitman＆Sons。）

&ers。ByDixonScott。（HodderandStoughton。）

MemorialsofEdwardBurne—Jones。ByLadyBurneJones。

AllMannerofFolk。ByH。Ja。（GrantRichards。）

ViewsandReviews。ByHeon；theBallPub。Co。）

&ypes。ByG。K。。

&edImpressions。ByGeeSaintsbury。

&uresamongBooks。ByAndre>

ShelburhSeries。ByPaulElmerMore。

此外见于杂志的评论之类，在这里都省略了。正值日本的思想界的注意，要从Marxism进向摩理思的艺术底社会主义的时候，意以为或者可供些怎样的参考，我便在病**试作了这参考书目。

补遗——

WilliamMorrisandtheEarlyDaysoftheSoent。ByJ。BruceGlasier。WithanIntroduayMorris，andt>

（Longman，Green&Co。）

OUDYOFENGLISH

AddressgiveerscholastiglishMeetiober4th，1919，uauspicesoftheOsakaHigherercialSdtheOsakaAsahiShimbun。

Mr。，Ladiesalemen:

&afavourtohavebeeospeakbeforesuchalargeaaudienceasIseebeforemethisevening，inafuageinwhichallofyouaresodeeplyiedandwhichIhavebeenstudyingfrommychildhoodandteaanyyearsOnanolikethisitishardlyodwelloyyouhestudyofEnglishasoimportantmeanstheerisbetanandourfriendlyEionsonbothsidesoftheAtlantic，aswasalreadymeheadvertisementofthismeeting。ButfromapurelyidealisticorliterarypointofviewIshouldavailmyselfofthisopportunityofgyourattentiohereasoaothestudyoftheEnglishlahistry。ForaboutaweekIhavebeensoillthatIhaveoprepareaematizedlecture；whatIamgoiafewdisectedremarkseoflashthroughmyheadwhenIwasiogiveatalkhere。

&hinghumaninthewriseyofdergoherdmodifieetthehepeopleofsuccessivegehedevelopmeionallanguageislishisthelahepeopleofdemodliberty，whohaveenjoyedfreedomofspeechmorethaionsoftheworldaheirlaomeetthisyoftheiriheAnglo—Saxeffortslastiuries，havemadetheirmueparexguagefororation，mostsplendidintheworld。Instrikingtrastwiththis，theJapaneselanguagehasnooratoricalliteratureworthyoftheslonghistrmorethauries。Havinglaihedespotismofthefeudalgover，ourairelyoimpreinthatdire。

AsIwroteafewyearsagointheAsahiShimbun，spokeodaystillremainsalaofpublicitybutoodonlyforanamby—pambyaboudoiroratête—a—têteofold—fashioiafour—mat—and—halfclave。Ithas，indeed，delidbeautyofnuanceaswellasflowingsmoothnessofsoumd，notatallparablewiththe“hissing”ofEnglish;butithasnosudidpowerandlucidityaswefindinmlishwhenitisspreataudience。

ReadorhearthespeebytheJapaisofthepresentday，ahthoseeeorPresidentWilson，Mr。BryaheraarslandorAmeridyouwillrealizehowpoorahespeechesdeliveredbytheJapaoentsbutalsointheirexpressionortheformalelementsoftheirspeech。ThisisnodoubtpartlyduetothefactthattheJapaneselanguageisveryfladweakasalanguageforpublig，haviongueofapeoplewhohaveenjoyednofreedomofspeederahideousabsolutismformauries，arytokeeptheirlipssealedupasfaraspossible，believingintheoldsillysaying“Fromthemouthesthatwhichisevil，”Kuchiainomon，whilyaoh。Shallwebesatisfiedwiththepresentofueidlybeocratized？

Laudyiserofthevaesoftheso—called“praglishinthistryareveryapttobelieve，butitmustbethestudyoftherealspiritoroftheidealsofthepeoplewhospeakthelaudyEionandyoupreciatetothefullthetruespiritofa“Nationsubtleaodiscourse”whij“thelibertytoknow，toutter，andtuefreelyagtoce，”asthegreatauthoritiiltohreehundredyearsago。

&osayitisoseriousdutieseoihaeniustheJapaneselatreasureroudtohaveiedfromourfathers，aoposterityenlivenedahnewfsofeloquewemayhaveourBurkeaerinfutureJapaure，justasourremoteaorsmodifiedandremouldedourbelovedtoroduewelementsfromtheclassieselaerature，whoseinflueotheelegahesubsequentages。

herpointtowhichIshouldliketocallyourattentioninthis。Thethhstudyuagenaturallyleadstothestudyofandlikingforitsliterature，whichisabsolutelynecessaryfortheuandingaionofthepeoples’reallife，spiritualaswellasmaterial。IthinkIsafelyassertthatnothinggiveaclearerperspectiveoftheiionthaure。ItwasthelateJohnMorleywhosaidthatliteratureisanexpressiohoughtofthepeople，butIshouldsay，goiher，thatliteratureisthetruestaexpressionoftheidealsofanation。Politismaysometimesbetime—servers，merdbusinessmenmaydoanythiheirpractfcaipurposes，butpoetsarealwaysthemselves，ortruetothemselves，becausetheymustbesincerebefiobegreatpoets;noinsinwritetruepoetry。

&hihofthefamoussaying，Tout-prepardoouahingistopard，—andwhenIreyosofiionalfrihistory，whithemajorityofcases，werecausedbythemerelautualuanding，Imusthereemphaticallycallyourattentioimportaudyiurefafrieioion。

Studytheinnerlifeofapeople，andyouwillbeginthlylikethem。IdonotknowanyAmeriorEuropeanwhohasstudiedJapaure，alikethepeopleroducedit。IdonotknoanesewhohasstudiedMilton，ShelleyandBrowning，orWhittier，EmersonandWhitmaadmirethegreatidealsoftheEnglish—speakingpeoples。

Ihisassertioaudyiureforperfeatimaynotbelookeduponasameredreamer’sphaeinthisafewremarkablefareatichistlanditwasaremarkablefeatureieraryworldforthetregtheoutbreakoftheGreatWarthattalliteraturewasfreelyipublic。ItwasihundredsandhundredsofcriticalworksandtranslationsofthemoderureofFrance，Russia，Italy，SpainandSaviaappearedinEnglish。YouknowthattheEheageofQueenVictorianasapeoplewho，withtheirtraditionalplacy，caredleastfuageaureoutsidetheirown;butfromaboutthebeginnitury，theybegaoreadtheliteratureoftalEurope。WhehisendenglalygwithKingEdward’sbreakingawayfromthetraditionaldiplomaticpolicyofso—called“gloriousisolation，”toinitiatehispolitentecordiale，whoythecloserelatioheappreofliteratureandthefriendlydiplomatiswhiatediripleehebeginniWar？DuriimeapromiEnglishjoursofarastosuggestahe“literaryalliance”，whiothiheperfectmutualuandingoftwonatioudyiher’sliterature。Mr。EdmuhegreatestlivihetermliteraryeodesighecloseallianglandandFrance。

Again，inthis，youwillberemihefrieioweenFrandRussiabeforethewar，awhichwasfouonlyontheclosely—relatedfinancialcesofthetwotries，butoualuandingthroughliterature。Ierpartoftheury，youknow，RussiaurewasioFrancebysuentdiplomat—authorastheVitedeVogue，followedbymawasverywidelyreadbyFreheotherhand，itisosaythatthegeniusofRussiaureituryracticallydevelopedbythepowerfulinfluenceofsuchauthorsasFlaubert，MaupassantandZola。

Idonotwishtoboreyouanyloingalonglistofsuchexamples，asIsupposeeveryreaderofdiplomatichistorywillfimanysimilarinstanmoregandmoreclusivethanthoseoi。

ionbywayofillustratioakehemorallifeoftheJapanesepeople，veryongtheEnglish—speakingpeoples，whichwillbeeasilycorrectedoreradicatedbytheirreadingofJapaure。ItisaonbeliefinEnglaBushidoisstillgtheiheNean。ItisverytruethatBushidoremaihepresenttimeasaseamongtheolderpeopleofthistry，butiftheymakeanystudyofporaryJapaure，whichisthetruestportrayalofthemoderheywilleasilyfindthatBushidoisnothihanabitofout—of—datebric—à—bratheeyesoftheyeionwhohavebeeirelydifferentprinciples。

Anothermis，veryoninEnglahattheJapaneseareabellidaggressivepeople。TocorrectthismistakehihahemthereadiJapanesedramas，novelsaheageoftheTokugaerenothiheouteoftheabsolutepeajoyedbytheJapanesepeopleforthreehuhestudyofTokugawaliteraturewillfullyglish—speakingpublionationproducesuchliteraturethatdidhree-tury-lochofabsolutepeace。Thisstretchofabsolutepeagthreehundredyearshashehistoryofanynationintheworld，andwilltheystillthinkanyeopletrulyenjoysugperiodofutterquiettocreate‘thiy”？

&omysubject。ItistruethatEnglishIiteratureisstudiedinthisdisnotsuchasealedtreasuryasJapaureistotheEnglishreadingpublic；butifyoumakeitthesoleendofyourstudyofEobeskillfuliandparryofeverydayversatioodatercialdeirelyhestudyofliterature，theperfectmutualuaweenusandtheEionswillbebeyondourreasoionforever。IouherealBritainortherealAmerieednotgofaracrosstheotovisitLondonorNewYo，butstayhereaheerofyourstudyorbythefiresidesomeofthebestaworksofBritishorAmeriauthors。ReaddMilton，readRuskinandCarlyle，readEmersonandHawthorne，andyouwillfindthattheAnglo—Saxonisnonationof“shop—keepers”，thatthereisthefordertofidealismrunningthroughtheirmaterialisticcivilization，andyouwillgetthecorrectideaofwhatistheirtruespiritofdemodliberty，whatisthefoundationoftheirmorallife，andwhatdlo——Saxoyintheworld。Thiskindofstudymayappeartosomeofyouveryunpractical；butpleaserememberthatnothingbemorepractitheunpraallmattersgourmoralauallife。